SAP MM Tutorials: Contracts v/s Scheduling agreement

Contracts v/s Scheduling agreement

 SAP Transactions

•  Create value contract for material group (WK) – ME31K
• Change contract – ME32K
• List display contract – ME3L
• Monitor contracts – ME80RN

 In SAP MM Purchasing, such agreements are subdivided into “contracts” and ” Scheduling agreements.”

 Contracts:

• Longer- term contract with subsequent issue of release orders
• Different POs can be released for same contract
• Mainly used for frequent non-predictable requirements e.g. Purchasing office supplies

 Scheduling agreement

• Longer-term scheduling agreements and delivery schedules
• Same scheduling agreement number is used with different release calls
• Mainly used for repetitive/predictable requirements e.g. purchasing spare parts of a large fleet
• Can be tightly integrated with MRP

 Contract

 A contract is a longer-term agreement with a vendor (one of the two forms of “outline agreement” in the SAP system) to supply a material or provide a service for a certain period of time. A number of different terms may be used for this concept in purchasing literature, including “blanket order”, “blanket contract”, “systems contract” and “period contract”.

 The contract does not contain specific delivery dates or the individual delivery quantities. These are specified subsequently in release orders issued against the contract when customer requires them.

 Contract types

 When creating a contract, you can choose between the following contract types:

1. Value contract (MK) : The contract is regarded as fulfilled when release orders totalling a given value have been issued. Use this contract type when the total value of all release orders should not exceed a certain amount.
2. Quantity contract (WK) : The contract is regarded as fulfilled when release orders totalling a given quantity have been issued. Use this contract type when the total quantity to order over the duration of the contract is known.

Ways of Creating Contracts

Contract can be created in one of the following ways:

1. Manually: Enter all the contract data manually.
2. Using the referencing technique: Create a contract by referencing

a.          Purchase requisitions

b.          RFQs/quotations

c.          Other contracts

 Characteristics of contract:

• Contracts are outline agreements. They do not contain details of the delivery dates for each of the items.
• To inform vendors of which quantity you need for which date, you enter contract release orders for a contract. A release order is a purchase order that references a contract.
• If a purchasing information record with conditions exists for the material and the vendor, the system automatically suggests the net price according to these conditions when you create the contract item.
• Contract validity period is defined in the contract header as the validity period
• For each item in a quantity contract, you define the target quantity and purchase order conditions.

 Item categories in contracts

 Item Category

M – The material is unknown

W – Value and quantity are unknown

D – Procuring an external service

K – Consignment material is involved

L – Subcontracting material is involved

 Item category M is recommended for similar materials with same price but different material numbers. For example, contract for copier paper.

• Item category W is recommended for material belonging to the same material group but with different prices. For example, contract for office supplies.
• Item category W can be used only in value contracts.
• Item category M and W are not allowed in contract release orders.
• Item category D is used for services contracts.

 

• Account assignment category, ‘U’ unknown can be used in contracts. In this case, cost center will be determined at time of creating release order.
• The account assignment category, ‘U’ is denied in contract release orders. You have to replace the account assignment category with a valid account assignment category.

 Processing contracts

 Contract release orders are purchase orders that are created with reference to contract.

• The release order documentation (i.e. the quantity released until now, and the open quantity) is automatically updated when you create a contract release order. This can be used for monitoring the contract.
• The release order document is contained in the statistics for contract item.
• You can enter source of supply in the purchase requisition. This ensures that the outline agreement is referenced when the purchase requisition is converted into a purchase order.
• Contract release order can be created with or without reference to a purchase requisition.
• The release order documentation comprises details of ordering activity relating to a contract. The system supplies the following data on each release order:

a.          Number of contract release order

b.          Order date

c.          Order quantity

d.          Order value

e.          Quantity released to date

f.          Target quantity

g.          Open target quantity

• You can list all contracts that are due to expire in the immediate future. The analysis is carried out using the Target value and Total value released fields in the contract header, based on suitable selection parameters

 Centrally Agreed contract

 The centrally agreed contract allows a central purchasing organization to create a contract with a vendor that is not specific for just one plant. In this way, the purchasing organization can negotiate with a vendor by leveraging the whole company’s requirements for certain materials or services.

• Contract items can relate all plants covered by a purchasing organization
• All plants of a purchasing organization can order against a centrally agreed contract
• Using the plant conditions function, the centrally agreed contract allows you to stipulate separate prices and conditions for each receiving plant. For example, different transport costs.