How to Determine Whether to Forward or Backward Schedule in SAP
Editor’s Note: How to Determine Whether to Forward or Backward Schedule in SAP is an excerpt from the ERPtips Mastery Level Workshop book for Sales and Distribution. We sincerely hope that the information included here will help you take the riddle out of forward/backward schedule determination.
If the material availability date:
+ Pick/pack time
+ Loading time
+ Transportation time
Equals a date greater than the requested delivery date, the system will Forward Schedule.
Which means the system will propose the MAD for the entire ordered qty and add the pick pack and transportation time to determine what the delivery date will be.
If the material availability date:
+ Pick/pack time
+ Loading time
+ Transportation time
Equals a date less than the requested delivery date, the system will Backward Schedule.
Which means the system will take the requested delivery date and subtract the pick pack and transportation times to determine what the MAD will be.
Where does this come in to play on the sales order? It is tied to the line item on the sales order on the Schedule Line tab.
To get to the Schedule Line tab, select the blank box to the left of the item you want detail on and follow the menu path Goto Item Schedule lines or select the line item and click the Schedule Line button on the bottom left of the screen.
The Schedule Line Data screen gives us a quick overview of the stock situation for the item.
The first line shows the Requested Delivery Date, the Order Quantity, Rounded Quantity (only if you use Rounding Profiles on the Customer Master will this field value differ from the Order Quantity), Confirmed Quantity, Delivery Block, and Delivery Quantity.
The two key things on this screen are the Confirmed Quantity and the Delivered Quantity.
For all the Schedule Lines, the information is tallied at the top of the screen to show over all Order and Delivered Quantity.
To see the Details of the Schedule Line, use the buttons at the bottom of the screen.
The Sales screen simply shows a more detailed picture of the order information of quantities ordered and confirmed. The Procurement tab shows details of which Plant and
Storage Location the goods are being sourced from. The tab that we are interested at this point is the Shipping tab.
Select the line that has the Confirmed Quantity and click the Shipping button.
Here we see the break down of the factors in shipping we spoke about earlier.
The other big aspect is how we got the Confirmed Quantity. From the Schedule Lines detail tab, select the Green Back Arrow . This will take us back to the Schedule Line Overview. From here, select the Menu path Environment Availability.
The Availability Overview gives us the stock position and the Availability To Promise (ATP) quantity.
This screen shows the overall on-hand stock in the Stock line, which is to the right of the Cum ATP qty, as well as the current ATP status The cumulative ATP quantity is the stock minus existing requirements from sales order, deliveries, and production activities. In this example we see there are ten planned orders ahead of our order (which is represented by the simulated requirements) to give an ATP of 993 to confirm against.
Depending on the Scope of Check (the rules that are assigned to this document / material combination for Availibility checking), many different factors could be contributions to the cum: ATP quantity; i.e., future receipts of purchasing or production activities.
The reason to commit against future receipts is to set up the correct progression of what order has priority, increase demand to materials planning, and provide an accurate delivery date to the customer.
To see the details of what is taken into account during ATP, chose the Scope of check button from the screen below.
The scope of check is driven by the combination of the Availability Check (which is assigned to the Material Master on the MRP 1 view) and the Checking Rule (which is assigned to the document type).
Before we save the sales order, we need to review a couple other quick things. The first is to see where this order will be delivered. Most times, deliveries will be created by a job that will select orders to be delivered in batch based upon what Shipping Point (the physical location within a plant where the goods will be physically loaded onto a truck or train and sent to the customer) is on the sales order. If two things are true (we’ve reached the date that the customer requested the product, and the date thethe delivery note will be automatically created in batch.
To get to another item related screen in the sales order, you can either click on the tab or choose the drop down on the far right of the tabs and pull down to the screen you wish to go to. Click the Shipping tab.
On the Shipping tab, we want to note what shipping point is assigned for this item so we can create the delivery for this shortly. Some of the other concepts in this screen will be detailed in the Intermediate Topics section.
The last screen we want to touch on at this point is the Conditions tab. The Conditions tab is where all the pricing for the item is done. The conditions show the over all price (Net) and the breakdown of how the price was arrived at. For each surcharge, tax, or discount, there will be a Price Condition. This allows for detailed reporting and visibility of how net price was calculated. In customizing, conditions and subtotals can be created, changed, and removed in the over all Pricing Procedure.
At this point, note the information and the fact we have a price. This price will be pulled into the billing document at the completion of our example.
At this point, save the sales order by choosing the Save button.
At the time of saving the Sales Document, the system will check certain key fields to ensure they are filled in. These Incompletion Procedures are created via customization and are tied to both the Sales Order Type and the Item Category.
The Incompletion Procedure is the best way to put in fail safe measures to make sure the data that is required in subsequent processing or reporting is made available in the sales order.
Click the Save button.
To correct the missing data, click Edit.
If there is missing data, the Incompletion Log will pop up with the missing values.
To process, select the line and click the Complete Data button. This will take you to the screen that needs to be completed.
Once you have filled in the information, click the next arrow, which will either take you to the next item or back to the incompletion log if all updates are complete. At this point, you will be able to save the order using the Save button.
Once the order is saved, a message will come up at the bottom of the screen with the order number.
Make sure to note your order number for future processing.
If the material availability date:
+ Pick/pack time
+ Loading time
+ Transportation time
Equals a date greater than the requested delivery date, the system will Forward Schedule.
Which means the system will propose the MAD for the entire ordered qty and add the pick pack and transportation time to determine what the delivery date will be.
If the material availability date:
+ Pick/pack time
+ Loading time
+ Transportation time
Equals a date less than the requested delivery date, the system will Backward Schedule.
Which means the system will take the requested delivery date and subtract the pick pack and transportation times to determine what the MAD will be.
Where does this come in to play on the sales order? It is tied to the line item on the sales order on the Schedule Line tab.
To get to the Schedule Line tab, select the blank box to the left of the item you want detail on and follow the menu path Goto Item Schedule lines or select the line item and click the Schedule Line button on the bottom left of the screen.
The first line shows the Requested Delivery Date, the Order Quantity, Rounded Quantity (only if you use Rounding Profiles on the Customer Master will this field value differ from the Order Quantity), Confirmed Quantity, Delivery Block, and Delivery Quantity.
The two key things on this screen are the Confirmed Quantity and the Delivered Quantity.
- The Confirmed Quantity is the quantity of material that is assigned to the order. This quantity comes from the Material Availability Check – which looks at what Unrestricted stock is in the warehouse minus any other requirements (Deliveries, Production Orders, or older Sales Orders).
- The Delivered Quantity is updated when a delivery is created against this sales order. It is a great example of how interconnected and real time SAP is. As soon as the delivery is created, the sales order reflects the new status – this allows for people who are not involved in the warehouse processing (customer service) to have real time information on the status of the shipment.
For all the Schedule Lines, the information is tallied at the top of the screen to show over all Order and Delivered Quantity.
The Sales screen simply shows a more detailed picture of the order information of quantities ordered and confirmed. The Procurement tab shows details of which Plant and
Storage Location the goods are being sourced from. The tab that we are interested at this point is the Shipping tab.
Select the line that has the Confirmed Quantity and click the Shipping button.
Here we see the break down of the factors in shipping we spoke about earlier.
This screen shows the overall on-hand stock in the Stock line, which is to the right of the Cum ATP qty, as well as the current ATP status The cumulative ATP quantity is the stock minus existing requirements from sales order, deliveries, and production activities. In this example we see there are ten planned orders ahead of our order (which is represented by the simulated requirements) to give an ATP of 993 to confirm against.
Depending on the Scope of Check (the rules that are assigned to this document / material combination for Availibility checking), many different factors could be contributions to the cum: ATP quantity; i.e., future receipts of purchasing or production activities.
The reason to commit against future receipts is to set up the correct progression of what order has priority, increase demand to materials planning, and provide an accurate delivery date to the customer.
To see the details of what is taken into account during ATP, chose the Scope of check button from the screen below.
SAP’s Scope of Check Segments
- Stock Overview - What type of stocks to include in the overall pool of unrestricted stock. Stock can be put into multiple storage states by Inventory Management.
- In/outward Movements - What types of previous requirements are included to reduce stock and what types of future receipts are to be included.
- Replenishment Lead - Time RLT is a concept that says, based upon a number of days it takes to either produce or purchase a material (from the Material Master), there can be 999,999 units of that material available at the completion of that time frame.
- Storage Location Inspection – This box will narrow the check down from the overall plant level to the storage location within the plant.
- Receipts in the Past – This selects if you want to have receipts in the past and/or future only considered and if there should be a message issued to the order entry clerk if that case happens.
Before we save the sales order, we need to review a couple other quick things. The first is to see where this order will be delivered. Most times, deliveries will be created by a job that will select orders to be delivered in batch based upon what Shipping Point (the physical location within a plant where the goods will be physically loaded onto a truck or train and sent to the customer) is on the sales order. If two things are true (we’ve reached the date that the customer requested the product, and the date thethe delivery note will be automatically created in batch.
To get to another item related screen in the sales order, you can either click on the tab or choose the drop down on the far right of the tabs and pull down to the screen you wish to go to. Click the Shipping tab.
At this point, note the information and the fact we have a price. This price will be pulled into the billing document at the completion of our example.
At this point, save the sales order by choosing the Save button.
The Incompletion Procedure is the best way to put in fail safe measures to make sure the data that is required in subsequent processing or reporting is made available in the sales order.
Click the Save button.
To correct the missing data, click Edit.
If there is missing data, the Incompletion Log will pop up with the missing values.
Once the order is saved, a message will come up at the bottom of the screen with the order number.
Make sure to note your order number for future processing.
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